Definition of crest in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. Meaning of crest. What does crest mean? Proper usage and audio pronunciation (plus IPA phonetic.

The usual sites of development of the CREST Syndrome, include the lower part of the hands and legs. CREST Syndrome also occurs in the face and throat. SymptomsThe following symptoms are noticeable for CREST syndrome: Tight hardened skinCalcium deposition in the skin tissue often leads to tightening and hardened skin tissues and this is often caused pain and irritation of the skin. Excessive calcium deposition can also cause breaking of the skin surface. Due to this patient experience difficulty in bending fingers or mouth opening.

The tightening of the skin may increase the glossiness of the affected surface area.Raynaud’s phenomenonThe blood vessels present in the affected fingers and toes get spasm due to cold weather or mental stress. This can also lead to blocking of the blood circulation and skin become white and then turns to blue, the temperature of the skin becomes lower down and numbness raises. Further improvement of the blood flow can cause throbbing or tingling sensation along with reddish skin.Red spot marks on the skinThe swelling of the small blood vessels beneath the skin surface can cause painless red spot marks on the affected skin surface.Lumps beneath the skinIn rare cases, calcium deposition beneath the skin appears as a lump (telangiectasias) and mainly found in the fingers, elbows or knee. These lumps may be infected and tenderness also develop. Difficulty in swallowingIn CREST syndrome, people often face swallowing difficulties, due to their problem in the esophagus. The loss of control over the esophageal muscles at the upper and lower end can cause difficulty in swallowing and let back flow the acidic content of the stomach into the esophagus.

This leads to heartburn, irritation and scarring of the esophagus. Causes of CREST SyndromeIt assumed that CREST syndrome is developed due to an autoimmune disorder, means the immune system of one’s body can act against own body. This assumption comes from the pathophysiology involved in developing the CREST Syndrome. In CREST syndrome, the collagen synthesis in increased due to influence of the immune system.

Collagen is one of the chief constituents of the immune system of the connective tissue. The excess amount of collagen retain in the cutaneous and subcutaneous layer of the skin and internal organs, weakening their function and cause different deformities.It is presumed that Anticentromere Antibodies (ACA) are the role in the development of the CREST syndrome, though it is not found in every involved ethnic group (Afro-American, south-African, Indian, and Thai people) in further studies. References. Limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome), (2014); Mayo Clinic Staff; Retrieve from: Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma): CREST Syndrome; Sclero.Org; Retrieve from: CREST Syndrome and Scleroderma, (2014); WebMD Medical Reference; Retrieve From: Types of Scleroderma; Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center; Retrieve from: http://www.hopkinsscleroderma.org/scleroderma/types-scleroderma/.

A knight with an eagle crest at the in, Tuscany.A crest is a component of a display, consisting of the device borne on top of the. Originating in the decorative sculptures worn by knights in and, to a lesser extent, battles, crests became solely pictorial after the 16th century (the era referred to by heraldists as that of 'paper heraldry').A normal heraldic consists of the shield, above which is set the helm, on which sits the crest, its base encircled by a circlet of twisted cloth known as a. The use of the crest and torse independently from the rest of the achievement, a practice which became common in the era of paper heraldry, has led the term 'crest' to be frequently but erroneously used to refer to the displayed on the shield, or to the achievement as a whole. Arms of the, with fifteen crested helms.The use of crests was once restricted to those of 'tournament rank', i.e. Knights and above, but in modern times nearly all personal arms include crests. They are not generally used by women (with the exception of reigning queens) and clergymen, as they did not participate in war or tournaments and thus would not have helms on which to wear them. Some heraldists are also of the opinion that crests, as personal devices, are not suited for use by corporate bodies, but this is not widely observed.In continental Europe, particularly Germany, crests have a far greater significance than in Britain, and it is common for one person to display multiple crests with his arms; certain high-ranking noblemen are entitled to as many as seventeen.

This practice did not exist in Britain until the modern era, and arms with more than one crest are still rare. In contrast to Continental practice, where a crest is never detached from its helm, a Briton with more than one crest may choose to display only one crested helm, and have the other crests simply floating in space. Though usually adopted through marriage to an heiress, examples exist of secondary crests being granted as: after defeating the Americans at the, was granted, in addition to his original crest, the crest of an arm holding the US flag with a broken flagstaff. British crests in an 1817 book.After the 16th century, it became common for armigers to detach the crest and wreath from the helm, and use them in the manner of a, displayed on crockery, carriage doors, stationery, etc. This led to the erroneous use of the term 'crest' to mean 'arms', which has become widespread in recent years. Unlike a badge, which can be used by any amount of relatives and retainers, a crest is personal to the armiger, and its use by others is considered usurpation. In Scotland, however, a member of a clan or house is entitled to use a ', which consists of the chief's crest encircled by a strap and buckle inscribed with the chiefly motto.Marks of are generally not used with crests, though it is not incorrect to do so, and the British royal family continue this practice.

It is, however, widely observed in England that no two families may use the same crest. This is in contrast to Scottish practice, in which crests are less significant, and are often borne in the same form by a great many unrelated people. As a result of this lack of need for differentiation, Scottish crests tend to be less ornamental than their English counterparts.The usual torse around the crest is frequently replaced by some kind of coronet, known as a 'crest-coronet'. The standard form is a simplified ducal, consisting of three fleurons on a golden circlet; these are not, however, indications of rank, though they are not generally granted nowadays except in special circumstances. In some modern examples, the crest features both a crest-coronet and a torse, though this practice is deprecated by purists.Orders of chivalry Perhaps the only places physical crests are still seen are the of Britain's orders of chivalry: the 's, the 's, and the 's.

Within each chapel are rows of stalls for use by the knights; above these stalls are placed each knight's sword and crested helm. These are carved out of and painted and by, the official sculptor to the royal household. References Footnotes. Harper, Douglas.

Online Etymology Dictionary. Dickson, Iain.

Illustrated History of the Roman Empire., p. 314., p. 327., pp. 150–1., p. 126., p. 120. ^, p. 336., p. 154., p. 315., p. 385. Drake, Charles.

A Genealogical and Heraldic Memorial of the Ancient Gentle Family of Drake of Drakenage. Archived from on 2012-05-19., p. 321. ^, p. 161., p. 343., pp. 322–3. The Man Who Captured Washington: Major General Robert Ross. Court of the Lord Lyon., p. 160., p. 419. ^, pp. 154–5.

Brennan, Ian. Contemporary Sculptor.Sources.

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