Roundhouse Model Train Show B&O Railroad Museum Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD April 4-5, 2020. B&O Railroad Museum Baldwin Roundhouse 901 W Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21223 This show has been postponed. This show has been postponed. Governor Hogan announced on March 12th that public gatherings of more than 250 people are currently banned in.

Slaughtered Buffalo, 1874“Let them kill, skin, and sell until the buffalo is exterminated, as it is the only way to bring lasting peace and allow civilization to advance.”– General Philip SheridanBefore white settlers began to push into the vast west in any great numbers, an estimated 50-60 million freely roamed upon the. Hunted them for food and other necessities, and a harmonious ebb and flow between man and beast prevailed.However, after the, that would change as more and more people moved westward. As a result, new army posts were established and to supply those many, the army contracted with local men to supply buffalo meat to feed the troops.At about the same time, the also began to blaze a trail into the west, and these construction men also had to be fed. Adding to the need for food, people back east were demanding buffalo robes that they used as coats and lap robes when riding in sleighs and carriages.

These events put many a man to work as buffalo hunters., Kansas, became a trading center for the buffalo hides, and tanneries found even more uses for the material, such as making drive belts for industrial machines and grinding buffalo bones into fertilizer. In some places, buffalo tongues became a delicacy in fine restaurants. Soon, the demand for buffalo had increased to such a degree that year-round work was available for buffalo hunters.This, all occurring in a time that the economy was depressed after the Civil War, led many a tough man to earn his living as a buffalo hunter.

Armed with powerful, long-range rifles, individual hunters could kill as many as 250 buffalo a day. Tanneries paid as much as $3.00 per hide and 25¢ for each tongue, which made a nice living for hundreds of men, including the likes of, and, just to name a few. Unfortunately, once these hides and tongues were taken from the carcasses, the edible buffalo meat was often left to rot on the. By the 1880s, over 5,000 hunters and skinners were involved in the trade.The Indians watched in dismay as buffalo hunting took on an almost a carnival atmosphere when railroads began to advertise “hunting by rail.” This occurred when trains sometimes encountered large herds of buffalo crossing the tracks. Seeing a way to capitalize on the problem, the advertising flooded the newspapers and in no time, sporting men with rifles were shooting buffalo by the hundreds just for fun. Those animals shot from the train were simply left where they died. Shooting buffalo from the trainAs the slaughter continued, the Indians became increasingly angry and resentful as they watched their main source of sustenance dwindle at the hands of the white man.

This led to more and more Indian attacks which resulted in U.S. Army retaliation at the height of the. It was also at this time that the U.S. Government desired to separate the Indians from the rest of “civilization” by placing them on reservations. In order to do this, the U.S. Army aggressively pursued a policy to eradicate the buffalo, intentionally extinguishing the Indians’ sustenance, which would force them onto reservations.In fact, when the Legislature was discussing a bill to protect the buffalo, defended the buffalo hunters and opposed the bill by saying:”These men have done more in the last two years, and will do more in the next year, to settle the vexed Indian question, than the entire regular army has done in the last forty years.

They are destroying the Indians’ commissary. And it is a well known fact that an army losing its base of supplies is placed at a great disadvantage. Send them powder and lead, if you will; but for a lasting peace, let them kill, skin, and sell until the buffalos are exterminated. Then your prairies can be covered with speckled cattle.”By 1884 the great era of the ended and nothing remained of the massive buffalo herds but piles of bones.

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At that time there were only some 1,200-2,000 surviving buffalo left in the United States. Slaughtered buffalo lying dead in the snow in 1872Fortunately, early conservation efforts led to the establishment of the world’s first national park – in 1872. There, a small buffalo herd was preserved, but still what few that were left outside of the park were being killed on Federal land, so, in 1894, the Lacey Act was signed into law, prohibiting the killing of any wildlife in federal preserves. The buffalo were saved from extinction and today it is estimated that there are over 150,000 on public preserves and in private hands.© /, updated November 2019”Two years ago, I came upon this road following the buffalo, that my wives and children might have their cheeks plump and their bodies warm. But the soldiers fired on us, and since that time there has been a noise like that of a thunderstorm, and we have not known which way to go.”— Comanche Chief Ten BearsAlso See.

Contents.Bo-Bo Bo-Bo is the indication of a wheel arrangement for railway vehicles with four axles in two individual, all driven by their own. It is a common wheel arrangement for modern and, as well as power cars in.Most early electric locomotives shared commonalities with the steam engines of their time. These features included and frame mounted driving axles with leading and trailing axles. The long rigid wheelbase and the leading and trailing axles reduced cornering stability and increased weight.The Bo-Bo configuration allowed for higher cornering speeds due to the smaller rigid wheelbase. Furthermore, it allowed better because all the wheels were now powered. Due to the absence of frame mounted wheels no leading or trailing axles were necessary to aid cornering, reducing weight and maintenance requirements.Due to the advent of modern motors and electronics more power can be brought to the rail with only a few axles.

Modern electric locomotives can deliver up to 6400 kW on only four axles. For very heavy loads, especially in transportation of bulk goods, a single unit with this wheel arrangement tends to have too little adhesive weight to accelerate the train sufficiently fast without.Bo-1-Bo. B′ bogie from a Czech , showing the axle gearboxes and their linking driveshaftThe B′B′ or B-B arrangement is similar, but usually applies to rather than diesel-electrics. The axles on each bogie are coupled together mechanically, rather than being driven by individual traction motors. Diesel-hydraulics have their engine mounted on the main frame of the locomotive, together with a hydraulic transmission. Power is then transmitted to the bogies by and a short driveshaft between axles.A common example of this is the and its many international derivatives. The need to arrange the bogie suspension around the drive shafts led to an unusual bogie design with radius arms rather than hornblocks and so prominently visible wheels and rims.

Class 2095, a narrow-gauge diesel-hydraulic B′B′ with visible coupling rodsIn some rare examples, such as the and the narrow-gauge , the bogie axles have been linked. Having only a single final-drive per bogie allows more room for the bogie pivots on this narrow-gauge design.

With high power full-size locomotives, splitting the drive directly to two axles is preferred, as it only requires a less powerful final drive gearbox.In a Bo-Bo is regarded as a B-B because the AAR system does not take traction motors into consideration, only powered axles. An AAR-like notation is used in France too, making it hard to tell the B-B and Bo-Bo engines apart, both of which are common there.

Multiple unitand use similar two-axle powered bogies and many of them use similar hydraulic or mechanical transmissions, rather than traction motors. However railcars are also lightweight and do not require all axles to be powered in order to gain adequate adhesion. They thus use a wheel arrangement of 1A-A1 (UIC: (1A)(A1) ) rather than B-B. A common arrangement is for each to have two independent engines and transmissions, each driving a single axle of each bogie.2-B The 2'Bo' (AAR:2-B) arrangement has been used similarly, but rarely, for lightweight railcars that only needed two powered axles. Only one example is recorded, the diesel-electric four-car railcars of 1935. Three powercars were built, with a 600 bhp engine and two traction motors on a single bogie. Half of the powercar was used as a baggage car, supported by a conventional coaching stock unpowered bogie.

Commandos: Strike Force effectively killed off the Commandos franchise. It is essentially a completely different game from its predecessors, being a pretty generic first person shooter with a different cast. Even Pyro Studios doesn't acknowledge it any more.

Sasada, Masahiro. 国鉄&JR保存車大全2015-2016 JNR & JR Preserved Rolling Stock Complete Guide 2015-2016 (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Ikaros Publications.

P. 121. Bolton, William F. (2006) 1956. The Railwayman's Diesel Manual (4th ed.). Pp. 132–133. Clough, David N. '8: A contrast in design'.

Hydraulic vs Electric: The battle for the BR diesel fleet. P. 77. Lewis, J.K. (2006) 1977. The Western's Hydraulics. Nottingham: Book Law Publications. P. 50., pp. 135–136.

James H. 'Chapter XI: Renewed efforts toward growth, 1934-38'.